Bosch lists about -5°C as the lower limit, and cold cuts range by 20 to 30 percent. QERYU uses heating film and calibration for predictable cold range.
Both the controller and the battery of a mid-drive system have an operating temperature window. In Bosch systems, for example, the stated lower limit is about -5°C. Below that range, motor output is limited and protection trips often.
The more common effect is range loss. Lithium cells show higher internal resistance and lower usable capacity in the cold, so total range typically drops 20 to 30 percent in cold weather. For dealers who sell on range, this is peak season for winter returns and complaints.
Note that the cold loss comes mainly from battery chemistry, not motor type. Yet because a mid-drive runs at sustained high power, it triggers thermal derating sooner in the cold, making the effect more noticeable. Users often misread "fast drain" as a battery defect.
For B2B customers, winter operation needs a 70 percent plan: shared bikes and delivery fleets should place denser swap points and show a truthful cold-weather range in the app, so users are not stranded and raising complaints.
QERYU makes cold performance predictable. The battery pack includes a heating film and temperature sensors that keep discharge stable above -5°C. The controller firmware re-calibrates output for low temperature, and our sales script tells customers to expect about 70 percent of rated range in winter, reducing the gap between promise and reality.